The population of the Grand Duchy stood at 590,667 persons at 1 January 2017; this shows a growth of 14,418 people from the 576,247 recorded at 1 January 2016.

As in the past, the increase in population is mainly due to net immigration, although this is down from 2015 (-15.3%).

Among the population of the country, 52.3% have Luxembourgish nationality and 47.7% do not.

In 2017 the Grand Duchy saw 6,050 births and 3,967 deaths; 22,888 people arrived into the country through immigration and 13,442 departed through emigration. Due to the adoption of a new model of calculation, a statistical adjustment of 2,889 was made to the figures.

The average age of the population is 40.1 years (women; 43.0 for Luxembourg nationals; 36.8 years for non-nationals) and 38.5 years (men; 40.3 for Luxembourg nationals; 36.6 years for non-nationals).

For the age groups of 30 to 49 years, the non-national population exceeds the Luxembourg population. After the age of 65, there are just 27.9% of foreign nationals living in the Grand Duchy, and only 17.2% aged 90+ years).

There were a total of 1,884 marriages in 2016 and 1,241 divorces, both figures less than in 2015; the 2016 figures included 65 same-sex marriages (40 between men and 25 between women).